RSC - EES Sol. latest articles

Supramolecular Engineering Empowered Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cell with Safe-to-Use

EES Sol., 2026, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00065G, Review Article

Open Access

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Jiarong Wang, Xian-Yin Dai, Leyu Bi, Qiang Fu, Alex K. Y. Jen
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), an emerging photovoltaic technology, have achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 27%, demonstrating significant application potential. However, their commercialization remains constrained by critical bottlenecks, including high...
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Scalable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)

EES Sol., 2026, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00056H, Paper

Open Access

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Aedan Gibson, Canjie Wang, Urasawadee Amornkitbamrung, Yongjae In, Seokhoon Han, Hyeon Jun Jeong, Hyun Suk Jung, Hyunjung Shin
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have managed to achieve certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 27.3%, yet losses during device upscaling remain a major roadblock in the path to commercialization. Compared...
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Techno-economic assessment of grid-tied photovoltaic systems in interior British Columbia

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00129C, Paper

Open Access

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Abdul-Mubarak Y. Yidana, Amandine A. Drew, Sunil Suresh, Noah McIntosh, Christopher Paul, Alexander R. Uhl
In a low-tariff, hydro-dominated market, high on-site photovoltaic energy utilization and a 30% investment tax credit reduce modelled levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) below commercial retail tariffs, achieving grid parity on an LCOE basis.
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Bias-Free, High-Rate Solar Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Media with a NiCo-Coupled Perovskite Photocathode

EES Sol., 2026, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00192G, Paper

Open Access

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Minseo Lee, Wooyeon Kim, Hayoung Kim, Seoyeong Lee, Min Jae Ko, Youn Jeong Jang
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides a sustainable route for hydrogen production from solar energy. In this work, we demonstrate a bias-free PEC cell integrating a perovskite photocathode with a bifunctional...
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A new era in solar fuels: battery pushes PV-driven CO 2 reduction beyond its limits

EES Sol., 2026, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00076B, Paper

Open Access

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Thérèse Cibaka, Tsvetelina Merdzhanova, Oleksandr Astakhov, Robert Zandonella, Sergey Shcherbachenko, Paul Paciok, Marc Heggen, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Christoph J Brabec, Peter Strasser
Photovoltaic (PV) technologies are central to renewable energy generation, yet their intermittent output limits efficient utilization and grid integration. Coupling PV with short- and long-term energy storage at the earliest...
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Modelling and predicting real-world lifetime of perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells using advanced energy yield models with degradation kinetics

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00021E, Paper

Open Access

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Seyedamir Orooji, Felix Laufer, Sam Teale, Henry Snaith, Ulrich W. Paetzold
From accelerated tests to global field lifetime predictions: We use the EYCALC degradation model to translate lab stability data into T90 lifetime predictions across real-world climates.
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Balancing moisture and oxygen can match the crystallization dynamics of inert halide perovskite processing

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00041J, Paper

Open Access

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Maimur Hossain, Connor J. Dolan, Eric Oberholtz, Darya Kamiyama, Jack R. Palmer, Paulo E. Marchezi, Tim Kodalle, Carolin M. Sutter-Fella, David P. Fenning
Balancing moisture and oxygen replicates inert crystallization dynamics in antisolvent-free halide perovskite processing under ambient conditions.
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Solution processed tandem solar cells for water electrolysis

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00218D, Minireview

Open Access

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Hak-Beom Kim, Woojin Cheon, Tack Ho Lee
This minireview provides recent advancements in solution-processed tandem solar cells for water electrolysis based on organic and perovskite light absorbers.
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Effect of RbF post-deposition treatment on open-circuit voltage in wide-gap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,479-490
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00176E, Paper

Open Access

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Rico Gutzler, Saeed Bayat, Dimitrios Hariskos, Ana Kanevce, Wolfram Hempel, Stefan Paetel, Susanne Siebentritt, Wolfram Witte
Wide-gap ACIGS solar cells usually suffer from large voltage losses. Optimizing the CdS buffer and increasing RbF treatment suppresses these losses, enabling voltages above 1 V.
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Unraveling bulk degradation mechanisms of wide-bandgap perovskite absorbers for tandem applications

EES Sol., 2026, 2,293-314
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00199D, Review Article

Open Access

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Chiara Ongaro, Mostafa Othman, Christophe Ballif, Christian M. Wolff, Aïcha Hessler-Wyser
Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite absorbers play a pivotal role in enabling high-efficiency tandem solar cells; yet, their long-term operational stability remains a significant hurdle to commercialization.
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Incorporating a naphthalene diimide polymer into a fullerene electron-transport layer to improve the fracture energy of perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,330-337
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00194C, Communication

Open Access

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Matteo R. S. Poma, Yadong Zhang, Muzhi(Charles) Li, Kaitian Mao, Ryan A. DeCrescent, Stephen Barlow, Nicholas Rolston, Seth R. Marder, Michael D. McGehee
Blending an electron-transporting polymer with fullerenes enables a mechanically strong electron-transport layer and maintains high power-conversion efficiencies.
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Electrochemical direct air capture with intermittent renewable energy: techno-economic insights from solar-driven electrodialysis systems

EES Sol., 2026, 2,273-292
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00018E, Analysis

Open Access

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Guokun Liu, Yukun Zhang, Meng Lin, Aidong Yang
Intermittent renewables set fundamental limits for electrochemical carbon removal. By quantifying storage and flexibility constraints, this work defines practical pathways for scaling fully electrified direct air capture under realistic solar supply.
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Magnetron sputtering of hybrid metal halide perovskites: barriers to scalable fabrication

EES Sol., 2026, 2,469-478
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00180C, Paper

Open Access

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Laxmi Laxmi, Vladimir V. Shilovskikh, Shivam Singh, Sneha Babu, Ronny Engelhard, Boris Rivkin, Yana Vaynzof
This study examines RF magnetron sputtering of metal halide perovskites, highlighting key challenges – compositional and microstructural flaws and target disintegration – that limit its broad applicability for solar cell fabrication.
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Sub-picosecond permittivity of carbon nitrides probed with terahertz spectroscopy: revealing high dielectric response and conductivity

EES Sol., 2026, 2,338-350
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00170F, Paper

Open Access

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Reehab Jahangir, Filip Podjaski, Paransa Alimard, Sam A. J. Hillman, Stuart Davidson, Stefan Stoica, Andreas Kafizas, Mira Naftaly, James R. Durrant
THz Time Domain Spectroscopy enables extraction of dielectric properties and conductivity for organic semiconductors at the relevant charge generation time scales and reveals humidity effects that enhance properties in ionic carbon nitrides.
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Performance limiting defect stabilization by orbital hybridization in perovskite/C60 based solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,448-455
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00161G, Paper

Open Access

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Richard Gundermann, Guorui He, Christopher Penschke, Eros Radicchi, Edoardo Mosconi, Filippo De Angelis, Dieter Neher, Felix Lang
The presence of C₆₀ as an ETL can increase defect densities at metal–halide perovskite surfaces, leading to strong photoluminescence quenching and V_OC degradation and thereby reducing device efficiency.
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Perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cells: progress, challenges, and perspectives

EES Sol., 2026, 2,315-322
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00213C, Perspective

Open Access

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Fuzong Xu, Anand S. Subbiah, Ahmed Ali Said, Thomas Allen, Stefaan De Wolf
Perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cells are a rapidly developing technology in multi-junction photovoltaics and metal halide perovskite research.
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HTL- & ETL-free metal–semiconductor–metal structure organic solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,392-401
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00010J, Paper

Open Access

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Sujung Park, Hong Nhan Tran, Heunjeong Lee, Seul Lee, Young Wan Lee, Jin Hee Lee, Jina Roe, Muhammad Jahandar, Nurul Kusuma Wardani, Jin Young Kim, Jung Hwa Seo, Hoe-Yeon Jeong, Eun-chae Jeon, Young S. Park, Soyeon Kim, BongSoo Kim, Dong Chan Lim, Shinuk Cho
Interfacial dipole engineering via THA-I strengthens internal electric fields, enabling high-efficiency HTL-/ETL-free organic solar cells in a metal–semiconductor–metal architecture and simplified three-step fabrication of large-area modules.
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Controlling crystallization dynamics of Sn–Pb mixed perovskite films for efficient scalable photovoltaics

EES Sol., 2026, 2,425-435
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00012F, Paper

Open Access

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Ting Pan, Tonghan Zhao, Roja Singh, Felix Laufer, Weimu Xu, Julian Petermann, Benjamin Hacene, Alexander Diercks, Thomas Feeney, Sachin Kinge, Lingyi Fang, Hang Hu, Ulrich Wilhelm Paetzold
This study employs in situ probing to control the crystallization dynamics of Sn–Pb mixed perovskites during vacuum-assisted growth and annealing, enabling scalable fabrication of high-quality perovskite films and all-perovskite tandem photovoltaics.
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Novel dopant-free carbazole- and phenothiazine-appended indolo[3,2-a]carbazole-based small molecules as efficient hole-transport materials for perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,456-468
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00007J, Paper

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Haritha Jalaja Raghavan, Nideesh Perumbalathodi, Jith C. Janardhanan, Kala Kannankutty, Madambi Kunjukuttan Ezhuthachan Jayaraj, Tzu-Chien Wei, Narayanapillai Manoj
We report dopant-free indolo[3,2-a]carbazole HTMs (C₁₂Cbz-IC and C₁₂Phz-IC) enabling efficient and stable perovskite solar cells through favorable energy alignment, fast hole transport, reduced recombination, and cost-effective dopant-free operation.
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Porphyrin–thieno[3,2-b]thiophene hole-transport materials enabling the production of long-lived radical ion pairs and high-performance perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,351-359
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00203F, Paper

Open Access

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Ram R. Kaswan, Bommaramoni Yadagiri, Jairam Tagare, Vinay Kumar, Manne Naga Rajesh, Paul A. Karr, L. Giribabu, Surya Prakash Singh, Francis D'Souza
A newly synthesized broadband-light-capturing porphyrin-based system was investigated for the fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells and was assembled with ImC₆₀ to form a donor–acceptor system for energy-harvesting applications.
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Spacer cation design: promoting vertical orientation in layered perovskites

EES Sol., 2026, 2,402-412
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00006A, Paper

Open Access

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Alice Scardina, Tobias F. Loeff, Vikram, Nada Mrkyvkova, Ruggero Sala, Leonardo Marsano, Herlina Arianita Dewi, Riccardo Pallotta, Annalisa Bruno, Peter Siffalovic, M. Saiful Islam, Giulia Grancini
Spacer cation engineering and chloride-mediated interfacial energetics govern vertical crystallisation in n = 2 low-dimensional perovskites, revealing design rules for efficient wide-bandgap absorbers.
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Ambient operando self-healing in tin perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,360-368
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00182J, Paper

Open Access

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Miriam Minguez-Avellan, Omar E. Solis, Noemi Farinós-Navajas, Pablo F. Betancur, Jorge Pascual, Teresa S. Ripolles, Rafael Abargues, Pablo P. Boix
Tin-based perovskite photovoltaics offer promising optoelectronic properties and a less toxic alternative to lead-based counterparts but suffer from rapid degradation under ambient conditions, primarily due to Sn²⁺ oxidation.
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Shifting scientific power in solar research: the spectacular rise of China in emerging photovoltaics

EES Sol., 2026, 2,268-272
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00101C, Opinion

Open Access

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Pierre Berthaud, Marina Flamand, Laëtitia Guilhot, André Meunié, Guillaume Wantz
Wantz et al. analyzed global research in emerging photovoltaics, showing that China has taken the lead following US-China tensions, as restrictive policies unintentionally boosted its autonomy and innovation in next-generation solar energy.
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Nickel-oxide hole-transport layers prevent abrupt reverse-bias breakdown and permanent shorting of perovskite solar cells caused by pinhole defects

EES Sol., 2026, 2,323-329
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00206K, Communication

Open Access

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Daniel A. Morales, Collin Sindt, Kell Fremouw, Kaitian Mao, Matteo Poma, Thomas Stewart, Ryan A. DeCrescent, Michael D. McGehee
30-nm-thick sputtered nickel oxide hole-transport layers decrease the likelihood of abrupt reverse-bias breakdown, permanent shorting, and severe thermal damage in perovskite solar cells.
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Tuning the surface nanoroughness of the recombination junction for high-performance perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,413-424
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00164A, Paper

Open Access

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Yifeng Zhao, Esma Ugur, Arsalan Razzaq, Thomas G. Allen, Paul Procel Moya, Adi Prasetio, Imil F. Imran, Cem Yilmaz, Rik Hooijer, Jian Huang, Katarina Kovačević, Yi Zheng, Luana Mazzarella, Erkan Aydin, Stefaan De Wolf, Olindo Isabella
Tuning the nanoroughness of (n)nc-Si:H in bottom cells controls SAM anchoring and work function shifts in monolithic perovskite–silicon tandems. Enhanced nanoroughness improves interface quality and fill factor, enabling efficiencies up to 32.6%.
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Bandgap-tunable transparent perovskite solar cells for 4T Si/perovskite tandem photovoltaics with PCE > 30% via rational interface management

EES Sol., 2026, 2,369-380
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00175G, Paper

Open Access

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Abhijit Singha, Tiankai Zhang, Ananta Paul, M. M. Anas, Karthik Raitani, Manas Misra, Subir Manna, Vishnu Kumar, Sudhanshu Mallick, K. R. Balasubramaniam, Pradeep R. Nair, Feng Gao, Dinesh Kabra
Energy-level-engineered hole transport layer for 4T Si/perovskite tandem solar cells with minimized interface defects and enhanced photovoltaic performance.
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How nanotextured interfaces influence the electronics in perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,436-447
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00208G, Paper

Open Access

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Dilara Abdel, Jacob Relle, Thomas Kirchartz, Patrick Jaap, Jürgen Fuhrmann, Sven Burger, Christiane Becker, Klaus Jäger, Patricio Farrell
Multidimensional optical and charge-transport simulations show how nanotexturing in perovskite solar cells redistributes electric fields, modifies carrier accumulation and recombination, and boosts efficiency for moderate texture heights.
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Performance measurement of emerging 3- and 4-terminal tandem solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,381-391
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00195A, Paper

Open Access

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Tao Song, John F. Geisz, Laurie-Lou Senaud, Lisa Champault, Florent Sahli, Jonas Geissbühler, Bertrand-Paviet Salmon, Quentin Jeangros, Jeremy Brewer, Idris Davis, Rafell Williams, Kaitlyn VanSant, Nikos Kopidakis
A comprehensive framework for measuring emerging 3-T and 4-T tandems such as perovskite/IBC Si, detailing EQE, spectral tuning, I–V methods, and steady-state protocols to ensure accurate, reliable, and standardized performance characterization.
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EES Solar 2025 Outstanding Papers

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL90005D, Editorial

Open Access

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Recognising our Outstanding Article and Outstanding Review from work published in EES Solar in 2025, as well as the authors behind those papers. Discover our winners and their exceptional contributions.
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Dual functions of the anchoring groups in self-assembled molecules as effective hole-selective contacts in inverted perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00168D, Paper

Open Access

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Carlos E. Puerto Galvis, José G. Sánchez, Eugenia Martínez-Ferrero, Wenhui Li, Emilio Palomares
The molecular structure of a SAM is modified with four different anchoring groups for elucidating their dual functions on the device performance.
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From precursor to performance: the impact of FAI impurities on halide perovskite thin films and devices

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00204D, Paper

Open Access

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Siyu Yan, Saqlain Choudhary, Emily A. Hudson, Ruohan Zhao, Henry J. Snaith, Michael B. Johnston, Nakita K. Noel
Impurities in formamidinium iodide affect perovskite thin films differently depending on fabrication route. By comparing solution processing with thermal vapour deposition, this study reveals distinct mechanisms in which impurities influence nucleation, growth, and final film quality and stability.
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Green solvent engineering for sustainable recovery and circular use of perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00014B, Paper

Open Access

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Yash Taneja, Ranbir Singh
Perovskite solar cells offer a transformative path for renewable solar energy, yet their sustainability relies upon addressing lead toxicity through recycling and reusing to convert this emerging technology into a circular economy model.
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Progress in perovskite indoor photovoltaics

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00210A, Review Article

Open Access

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Jie Xu, Abhisek Chakraborty, Zeynab Skafi, Vaibhav Singh, Diksha Thakur, Ebin Joseph, Shanyue Hou, Zhoucheng Xu, Xiang Liu, Xueqing Xu, Minggao Ouyang, Thomas M. Brown
A comprehensive review and perspective on the science, technology, devices, applications, and industrialization of perovskite photovoltaic cells and modules to power electronics and IoT under indoor lighting.
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Organic solar cells: evolution of morphological and electronic properties as a function of steric hindrance from the acceptor side groups

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00013D, Paper

Open Access

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Ailing Yin, Ziwen Yu, Jingyi Ren, Jiacong Feng, Gao-Feng Han, Xing-You Lang, Jean-Luc Brédas, Tonghui Wang, Qing Jiang
Combining DFT and MD simulations, we explored how bulky side groups on acceptors affect nanoscale morphology and electronic properties in neat films and blends by steric hindrance, revealing the molecular origin of efficiency gains in OSCs.
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Interface intercalation into perovskite layer improving performance of tin perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00022C, Paper

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Muhammad Okash Ur Rehman, Debendra Prasad Panda, Wolfram Hempel, Rabeb Issaoui, Madineh Rastgoo, Alwani Imanah Rafieh, Valerio Stacchini, Lorenzo Miele, Enrica Luzzi, Luigi Sanguigno, Paolo Aprea, Meng Li, Guixiang Li, Zafar Iqbal, Antonio Abate
Buried interface intercation into perovskite bulk improving the performance of DMSO-free tin perovskite solar cells.
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Hydrogen migration, surface accumulation, and nonradiative recombination in perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00027D, Paper

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Yong Huang, Xiqi Yang, Xiaoqing Chen, Rongkun Zhou, He Huang, Di Lu, Yongcai He, Wencai Zhou, Hui Yan, Zilong Zheng
Hydrogen interstitials (H_i) migrate from perovskite bulk to surfaces, forming deep traps that lower capture barriers and increase capture coefficients from 10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁷ cm³ s⁻¹, revealing surface H_i as a dominant nonradiative loss pathway.
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The complexity of classical Marcus analysis for charge transfer states in organic photovoltaics

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00216H, Paper

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Liming Liu, Weitang Li, Sha Liu, Xinhui Lu, Jun Yan
The paper outlines issues with classical Marcus analysis of charge transfer states using EL and s-EQE spectra in organic photovoltaics and offers practical guidance plus an open-source Python tool for semi-automated Marcus analysis.
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