RSC - EES Sol. latest articles

Modelling and predicting real-world lifetime of perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells using advanced energy yield models with degradation kinetics

EES Sol., 2026, 2,784-797
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00021E, Paper

Open Access

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Seyedamir Orooji, Felix Laufer, Sam Teale, Henry Snaith, Ulrich W. Paetzold
From accelerated tests to global field lifetime predictions: We use the EYCALC degradation model to translate lab stability data into T90 lifetime predictions across real-world climates.
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EES Solar 2025 Outstanding Papers

EES Sol., 2026, 2,502-508
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL90005D, Editorial

Open Access

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Recognising our Outstanding Article and Outstanding Review from work published in EES Solar in 2025, as well as the authors behind those papers. Discover our winners and their exceptional contributions.
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Balancing moisture and oxygen can match the crystallization dynamics of inert halide perovskite processing

EES Sol., 2026, 2,715-723
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00041J, Paper

Open Access

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Maimur Hossain, Connor J. Dolan, Eric Oberholtz, Darya Kamiyama, Jack R. Palmer, Paulo E. Marchezi, Tim Kodalle, Carolin M. Sutter-Fella, David P. Fenning
Balancing moisture and oxygen replicates inert crystallization dynamics in antisolvent-free halide perovskite processing under ambient conditions.
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Solution processed tandem solar cells for water electrolysis

EES Sol., 2026, 2,582-607
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00218D, Minireview

Open Access

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Hak-Beom Kim, Woojin Cheon, Tack Ho Lee
This minireview provides recent advancements in solution-processed tandem solar cells for water electrolysis based on organic and perovskite light absorbers.
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Dual functions of the anchoring groups in self-assembled molecules as effective hole-selective contacts in inverted perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,774-783
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00168D, Paper

Open Access

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Carlos E. Puerto Galvis, José G. Sánchez, Eugenia Martínez-Ferrero, Wenhui Li, Emilio Palomares
The molecular structure of a SAM is modified with four different anchoring groups for elucidating their dual functions on the device performance.
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Progress in perovskite indoor photovoltaics

EES Sol., 2026, 2,537-581
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00210A, Review Article

Open Access

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Jie Xu, Abhisek Chakraborty, Zeynab Skafi, Vaibhav Singh, Diksha Thakur, Ebin Joseph, Shanyue Hou, Zhoucheng Xu, Xiang Liu, Xueqing Xu, Minggao Ouyang, Thomas M. Brown
A comprehensive review and perspective on the science, technology, devices, applications, and industrialization of perovskite photovoltaic cells and modules to power electronics and IoT under indoor lighting.
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Interface intercalation into perovskite layer improving performance of tin perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,724-732
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00022C, Paper

Open Access

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Muhammad Okash Ur Rehman, Debendra Prasad Panda, Wolfram Hempel, Rabeb Issaoui, Madineh Rastgoo, Alwani Imanah Rafieh, Valerio Stacchini, Lorenzo Miele, Enrica Luzzi, Luigi Sanguigno, Paolo Aprea, Meng Li, Guixiang Li, Zafar Iqbal, Antonio Abate
Buried interface intercation into perovskite bulk improving the performance of DMSO-free tin perovskite solar cells.
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Hydrogen migration, surface accumulation, and nonradiative recombination in perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,686-693
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00027D, Paper

Open Access

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Yong Huang, Xiqi Yang, Xiaoqing Chen, Rongkun Zhou, He Huang, Di Lu, Yongcai He, Wencai Zhou, Hui Yan, Zilong Zheng
Hydrogen interstitials (H_i) migrate from perovskite bulk to surfaces, forming deep traps that lower capture barriers and increase capture coefficients from 10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁷ cm³ s⁻¹, revealing surface H_i as a dominant nonradiative loss pathway.
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From precursor to performance: the impact of FAI impurities on halide perovskite thin films and devices

EES Sol., 2026, 2,764-773
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00204D, Paper

Open Access

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Siyu Yan, Saqlain Choudhary, Emily A. Hudson, Ruohan Zhao, Henry J. Snaith, Michael B. Johnston, Nakita K. Noel
Impurities in formamidinium iodide affect perovskite thin films differently depending on fabrication route. By comparing solution processing with thermal vapour deposition, this study reveals distinct mechanisms in which impurities influence nucleation, growth, and final film quality and stability.
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Colour-neutral photovoltaic windows with performance linearly tuneable with transmittance

EES Sol., 2026, 2,733-745
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00187K, Paper

Open Access

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Shilpi Shital, Pedro Santos, Ricardo G. Poeira, Pedro Anacleto, Alice Debot, Chu Van Ben, Michele Melchiorre, Sascha Sadewasser, Phillip J. Dale
Semi-transparent photovoltaics with selectable average visual transmission (AVT) and colour rendering index close to 100 were achieved by micro-striped Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ solar cells. Devices with 50% AVT attain light utilization efficiency up to 3%.
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Organic solar cells: evolution of morphological and electronic properties as a function of steric hindrance from the acceptor side groups

EES Sol., 2026, 2,694-705
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00013D, Paper

Open Access

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Ailing Yin, Ziwen Yu, Jingyi Ren, Jiacong Feng, Gao-Feng Han, Xing-You Lang, Jean-Luc Brédas, Tonghui Wang, Qing Jiang
Combining DFT and MD simulations, we explored how bulky side groups on acceptors affect nanoscale morphology and electronic properties in neat films and blends by steric hindrance, revealing the molecular origin of efficiency gains in OSCs.
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Green solvent engineering for sustainable recovery and circular use of perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,706-714
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00014B, Paper

Open Access

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Yash Taneja, Ranbir Singh
Perovskite solar cells offer a transformative path for renewable solar energy, yet their sustainability relies upon addressing lead toxicity through recycling and reusing to convert this emerging technology into a circular economy model.
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The complexity of classical Marcus analysis for charge transfer states in organic photovoltaics

EES Sol., 2026, 2,746-763
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00216H, Paper

Open Access

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Liming Liu, Weitang Li, Sha Liu, Xinhui Lu, Jun Yan
The paper outlines issues with classical Marcus analysis of charge transfer states using EL and s-EQE spectra in organic photovoltaics and offers practical guidance plus an open-source Python tool for semi-automated Marcus analysis.
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Probing surfaces and interfaces of halide perovskites: from atomic mapping to optoelectronic properties

EES Sol., 2026, 2,509-536
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00030D, Review Article

Open Access

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Zhang Qu, Jing Chen, Bin Xue, Shuang Xiao
SPM and related techniques, combined with illumination or pulsed excitation, provide powerful tools for investigating the morphology, surface potential, carrier dynamics, and tunneling current at the surfaces and interfaces of halide perovskites.
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Chemical maximum-power-point tracking system for stabilized liquid solar-fuel production

EES Sol., 2026, 2,616-625
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00177C, Paper

Open Access

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Yasuo Matsubara, Hinako Kawakami, Yasuhito Kajita, Yutaka Amao
Autonomous solar-to-fuel converter: a chemical MPPT system, integrated directly into the electrolyzer, to enable stand-alone and unmanned liquid solar-fuel production with stabilized concentration changes from sunrise to sunset.
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PTQ10:L8-BO organic photoactive layers enable improved stability for solar water oxidation and enhanced unassisted water splitting

EES Sol., 2026, 2,677-685
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00052E, Paper

Open Access

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Matyas Daboczi, Noof Al Lawati, Katherine Stewart, Maoqing Zhi, Jolanda Simone Müller, Ji-Seon Kim, Jenny Nelson, Flurin Eisner, Salvador Eslava
PTQ10:L8-BO organic photoactive layers enhance performance and stability of integrated photovoltaic IPV-anodes, delivering 21 mA cm⁻², t₈₀ of 22 h under full solar irradiation (no UV filter), and >6% bias-free STH efficiency in tandem configurations.
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Halide segregation governs interfacial charge-transfer pathways in mixed-halide perovskites

EES Sol., 2026, 2,640-651
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00003G, Paper

Open Access

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Jae Eun Lee, Robert D. J. Oliver, Joshua R. S. Lilly, Rehmat Sood-Goodwin, Aleksander M. Ulatowski, Alexandra J. Ramadan, Henry J. Snaith, Michael B. Johnston, Laura M. Herz
In mixed-halide perovskites, halide segregation results in rapid funnelling of charge carriers to the I-rich phase, increasing radiative recombination and slightly lowering their mobility, while sustaining effective charge-carrier extraction pathways.
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Porphyrin bridged SnO2/active layer for efficient and stable inverted organic solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,652-662
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00215J, Paper

Open Access

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Jifa Wu, Lihua Meng, Yumeng Li, Xinkang Wang, Feng Tang, Yinchun Guo, Ting Wang, Yuang Fu, Xinhui Lu, Baobing Fan, Junwu Chen, Xiaobin Peng
A porphyrin molecular bridge at the SnO₂/active layer interface enables higher efficiency and stability in inverted organic solar cells.
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A simple and robust method to quantify exciton dissociation efficiency with high precision in non-fullerene organic solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,663-676
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00011H, Paper

Open Access

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Jared Faisst, Mathias List, Leonie Pap, Reid Patterson, Uli Würfel, Andreas W. Bett
This study introduces a framework to determine exciton dissociation efficiency in non-fullerene organic solar cells with high precision by correlating exciton photoluminescence, current density, and absorptance across donor–acceptor ratios.
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Operando spectroscopic ellipsometry enables direct quantification of dynamic degradation rates in photoelectrochemical cells

EES Sol., 2026, 2,608-615
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00179J, Paper

Open Access

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Jiri Kollmann, Mauricio Schieda, Ragle Raudsepp, Sehun Seo, Thomas Klassen, Francesca M. Toma
Operando spectroscopic ellipsometry enables real-time, sub-nanometer tracking of photoelectrode degradation, providing a direct quantitative readout of photocorrosion rates during photoelectrochemical operation.
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Hole-transport layer-dependent degradation mechanisms in perovskite solar modules

EES Sol., 2026, 2,626-639
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00083A, Paper

Open Access

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Marco Casareto, Saivineeth Penukula, Wanyi Nie, Nicholas Rolston
Without a dense HTL, trace amounts of moisture/oxygen ingress can catalyze a reaction with the ITO that can cause rapid destabilization of the perovskite layer.
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Energetics and chemistry at electron selective interfaces for p-i-n perovskite solar cells: an in situ investigation

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00029K, Paper

Open Access

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Karen Radetzky, Alberto García Fernández, Birgit Kammlander, Evelyn Johannesson, Brian Rydgren, Rahul Mahavir Varma, Håkan Rensmo, Ute B. Cappel
The initial energy alignment and chemical reactions occurring upon interface formation at electron selective transport layers in p-i-n solar cell model systems are studied. The final stability is limited by silver-induced processes.
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Degradation forecasting for accelerated lifetime studies in organic photovoltaics via symbolic regression

EES Sol., 2026, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00116E, Paper

Open Access

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Qizhen Song, Vincent M. Le Corre, Thomas Heumüller, Huotian Zhang, Hua Tang, Zijian Peng, Andreas Josef Bornschlegl, Xiaoyan Du, Larry Lüer, Christoph J Brabec
As organic photovoltaics (OPVs) achieve higher stability, traditional long-duration testing fails to provide timely feedback, impeding rapid optimization and commercialization. Degradation forecasting offers a solution, yet it remains fundamentally challenged...
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Performance and stability of LaTiO2N based photoanodes under varying electrolyte temperatures and irradiances

EES Sol., 2026, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00054A, Paper

Open Access

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Julian Hörndl, Jakub Zalesak, Franky Bedoya Lora, Sophia Haussener, Simone Pokrant
Operating conditions greatly affect the performance and lifetime of photoelectrochemical systems. Understanding these influences is required for the development of photoelectrochemical water splitting towards a practical and scalable solution for...
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Defect passivation of perovskites for higher efficiency and enhanced stability: applications in solar cells, photoluminescence, and photocatalysis

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00019C, Review Article

Open Access

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Thi Hieu Hoang, Mahdi Khorsand Riabi, Mahmoud Zendehdel, Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi, Mohamed Nawfal Ghazzal
Metal halide perovskites have gained significant attention due to their distinctive photoelectrical properties.
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In situ measurement of mass transport in (photo)electrochemical water splitting at device scale

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00057F, Paper

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Feng Liang, Fatwa F. Abdi, Roel van de Krol
In situ 2D measurements of the pH distribution in (photo)electrochemical devices reveal the importance of high buffer concentrations to avoid overpotential losses.
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Outstanding Reviewers for EES Solar in 2025

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL90010K, Editorial

Open Access

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We would like to take this opportunity to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for EES Solar in 2025, as selected by the editorial team for their significant contribution to the journal.
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Efficient inverted FA-Cs perovskite solar modules fabricated by blade-coating on PET foil with robust encapsulation

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00050A, Paper

Open Access

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Anna Wąsiak-Maciejak, Mateusz Ścigaj, Klaas Bakker, Dorrit Roosen-Melsen, Łukasz Przypis, Konrad Dyk, Patrycja Janicka, Kinga Rycek, Daimiota Takhellambam, Aldo Di Carlo, Konrad Wojciechowski
Scalable blade-coating of flexible perovskite photovoltaics achieves 20.4% efficiency. Crucially, a robust vacuum-lamination process secures environmental stability, retaining 80% efficiency after 1026 h of damp-heat aging (85 °C/85% RH).
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Suppressing thermal evaporation-induced iodine outgassing and interfacial degradation in perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00062B, Paper

Open Access

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Danqing Ma, Kanak Kanti Bhowmik, Lin Zhu, Anton V. Ievlev, Yongtao Liu, Lianfeng Zhao
Thermal radiation during vacuum thermal evaporation triggers iodine outgassing and interfacial degradation in perovskite solar cells. L-ascorbic acid treatment suppresses this loss, preserving surface energetics and device performance.
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Boosting Z-scheme water splitting via increasing electron transport by manipulating multiple redox-active sites and potentials in metal hexacyanoferrate modifiers

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00066E, Paper

Open Access

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Harutaka Ninomiya, Osamu Tomita, Hajime Suzuki, Akinobu Nakada, Rie Haruki, Shunsuke Nozawa, Ryu Abe
Redox potential alignment of MHCF cocatalysts enables selective mediator oxidation for Z-scheme water splitting.
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Probing encapsulation-induced changes in 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures for perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00069J, Communication

Open Access

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Xin Liu, Tai Wu, Jingwen Cao, Xiaoran Sun, Meng Zhang, Xiaojing Hao
2D/3D heterostructures grown on the (111) facet exhibit markedly higher resistance to encapsulation-induced degradation compared to those on the (100) facet.
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Characterization of ionic–electronic transport and recombination in perovskite solar cells under multi-biasing conditions

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00034G, Paper

Open Access

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Juan Pablo Medina Flechas, Dounya Barrit, Raj Dashrath Patel, Tianfang Li, Estelle Cariou, Marion Provost, Leonardo Kopprio, Sylvain Le Gall, Jean-Paul Kleider, Osbel Almora, Camille Bainier, Pilar López-Varo, Philip Schulz
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most promising photovoltaic technologies, offering high efficiencies and low fabrication costs. However, their widespread deployment is hindered by fundamental challenges limiting performance stability.
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Tailoring crystallization dynamics and phase evolution of co-evaporated pure α-FAPbI3 for enhanced device performance

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D5EL00193E, Paper

Open Access

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Francesca Zarotti, Erica Magliano, Suresh Podapangi, Federico Trezzini, Elham Ghavidel, Venanzio Raglione, Marco Di Giovannantonio, Francesco Di Giacomo, Alessandro Coati, Roberto Felici, Aldo Di Carlo
The optimized growth protocol, combining controlled substrate temperature, multiple FAI sources, and intermediate annealing, enables the fabrication of thermally evaporated pure FAPbI₃ p–i–n solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 18.5%.
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Interplay of diffusion and crystallization in sequentially evaporated lead tin perovskites

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00044D, Paper

Open Access

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Lara M. van der Poll, Moisés Cámara Díaz, Reinder K. Boekhoff, Poojalakshmi Vageeswaran, Niels van Silfhout, Luana Mazzarella, Swapna Ganapathy, Lars J. Bannenberg, Dibyajyoti Ghosh, Arno H. M. Smets, Tom J. Savenije
Scalable sequential thermal evaporation produces uniform PbSn perovskite films up to 700 nm with stoichiometric uniformity and columnar grains. Annealing improves homogeneity and crystallinity, and reduces defects, boosting the mobility and lifetime.
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Supramolecular engineering-empowered safe, efficient, and stable perovskite solar cells

EES Sol., 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6EL00065G, Review Article

Open Access

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Jiarong Wang, Xian-Yin Dai, Leyu Bi, Qiang Fu, Alex K.-Y. Jen
A review on how supramolecular chemistry addresses PSC bottlenecks. Its noncovalent, programmable nature enables new photovoltaic designs and broadens the field. Advances in mechanisms, materials, and manufacturing could accelerate PSC commercialization for clean energy and carbon neutrality.
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